Introduction:
Linked lists stand as a cornerstone in the realm of data structures, offering a flexible and efficient way to manage data collections. These dynamic structures allow for seamless insertion, deletion, and traversal of elements. In this guide, we will embark on a journey through the world of linked lists using a C++ program as our map. By examining the code that covers insertion, traversal, searching, and deletion, we will unravel the inner workings of linked lists and equip ourselves with a versatile tool for data manipulation.
#include
using namespace std;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *next;
};
int main()
{
node *head;
node *temp;
node *last;
last=0;
int choice;
do
{
temp=new node();
cout<<"Enter values in a node:"<<endl; cin>>temp->data;
if(last==0)
{
head=last=temp;
}
else
{
last->next=temp;
last=temp;
}
cout<<"Enter your choice:"<<endl; cin>>choice;
}while(choice==1);
last->next=0;
temp=head;
while(temp!=0)
{
cout<data<<" "; temp=temp->next;
}
/************insertion at the start of the node***************************/
do{
temp=new node();
cout<<"Enter value at the start of the node: "<<endl; cin>>temp->data;
temp->next=head;
head=temp;
cout<<"Enter your choice: "<<endl; cin>>choice;
}while(choice==1);
temp=head;
while(temp!=0)
{
cout<data<<" "; temp=temp->next;
}
/************** iNSERTION AT MIDDLE OF THE LINKLIST***********/
node *temp2;
int location=0;
cout<<"\n Enter your location"<<endl; cin>>location;
temp=new node();
cout<<"\n Enter data in node: "<<endl; cin>>temp->data;
temp2=head;
while(location-1>0)
{
location--;
temp2=temp2->next;
}
temp->next=temp2->next;
temp2->next=temp;
temp=head;
while(temp!=0)
{
cout<data<<" "; temp=temp->next;
}
/**************************Search traverse*************/
int value;
int count=1;
int flag=0;
cout<<"\n Enter value you want to search in LinkList: "<<endl; cin>>value;
temp=head;
while(temp!=0)
{
if(temp->data==value)
{
cout<<"Data found successfully at index "<<count<<endl; flag=1; break; } else { temp=temp->next;
count++;
}
}
if(flag==0)
{
cout<<"Data not found"<<endl;
}
/**************************deleting node******************/
int b=0;
int item;
node *temp3;
cout<<"which data do you want to delete?"<<endl; cin>>item;
temp=head;
while(temp->next->next!=0)
{
if(temp->next->data==item)
{
cout<<"Data found successfully"<<endl; b=1; break; } else { temp=temp->next;
temp3=temp->next;
}
}
if(b==0)
{
cout<<"Data not found"<<endl; } else { temp->next=temp->next->next;
delete temp3;
}
temp=head;
while(temp!=0)
{
cout<data<<" "; temp=temp->next;
}
return 0;
}
Understanding Linked Lists:
At the heart of our exploration lies the struct node, which encapsulates the essence of a linked list element. Each node harbors an integer value and a pointer to the next node, forming the chain that characterizes a linked list.
Step 1: Creating the Linked List:
Our journey begins with the main function, where pointers for the head, temporary node, and last node are initialized. The last pointer starts as null, and the user’s choice guides the path. As we iterate through the user’s inputs, new nodes emerge, connected by pointers that weave the fabric of the linked list.
Step 2: Displaying the Linked List:
As our linked list takes shape, the traversal process takes center stage. A while loop traverses the list, unveiling the data within each node. The console becomes a canvas on which the linked list’s contents are painted.
Step 3: Insertion at the Start:
The linked list evolves as we explore insertion at the beginning. This operation echoes the process of list creation but with a twist. The new node becomes the head, while its next pointer beckons towards the former head. Thus, the chronology of nodes is reshuffled.
Step 4: Insertion in the Middle:
Venturing deeper, we uncover the realm of inserting nodes in the middle. The user defines a location and imparts a value, invoking a process that seeks out the designated spot. The new node, armed with its data, integrates seamlessly into the tapestry of nodes.
Step 5: Searching in the Linked List:
Our quest continues with the art of finding specific values within the linked list. Armed with user-defined data, our code embarks on a quest, comparing values until the target is located. The index of discovery is celebrated, or a declaration of “Data not found” resonates.
Step 6: Deleting a Node:
The penultimate phase of our journey casts light on deletion. Armed with a value, the code scans the linked list for the desired data. Once found, the intricate dance of pointers choreographs the removal of a node. Memory is relinquished, and the gap is mended.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Q1: What distinguishes a linked list from other data structures? A linked list excels in its dynamic nature and efficient insertion and deletion operations. Unlike arrays, linked lists don’t require contiguous memory allocation, allowing for flexible growth and management of data.
Q2: What scenarios favor linked lists over arrays? Linked lists shine when the number of elements is unknown or varies dynamically. They excel in scenarios where constant insertion and deletion operations are performed, as these operations are less costly compared to arrays.
Q3: Can linked lists suffer from performance issues? Yes, linked lists can be less efficient in terms of memory usage due to the overhead of storing pointers along with data. Additionally, traversing a linked list can take longer than accessing elements in an array.
Conclusion:
Our expedition through the world of linked lists draws to a close. Armed with a C++ program, we’ve navigated the realms of insertion, traversal, searching, and deletion, gaining a deep understanding of linked list mechanics. These operations, while fundamental, form the building blocks for more complex data structures. By mastering linked lists, we’ve laid a solid foundation for tackling diverse programming challenges. As you embark on your coding endeavors, remember that linked lists are not just a sequence of nodes, but a dynamic tool that empowers you to shape and manage data with finesse.